Vygotsky as a philosopher of science

Abstract

The Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-1934) is now generally accepted as a major figure in the history of psychology. Selections from his work have been translated into many languages and his ideas have inspired contemporary thinkers as Jerome Bruner (e.g. Bruner, 1985), Stephan Toulmin (1978), and Roman Jakobson (1985). He published articles and books on such diverse topics as schizophrenia, thought and language, intelligence testing, and disabled children (Van der Veer, 1985). It is less generally known, however, that he was also a methodologist in the Russian sense of the word, that is, one who analyzes basic assumptions and concepts of various psychological currents and psychology in general. Such a methodologist thus has to be both a knowledgeable historian of psychology and a philosopher of science. Vygotsky combined these qualities and it is our conviction that his importance for psychology lies precisely in his methodological work. It is the way Vygotsky tackled psychology's age-old problems, such as the nature-nature issue and the mind-body problem that makes him one of the major psychologists of this century.